How Aging Affects Our Feet

What Changes with Age?

Henry David Thoreau once wrote, “An early-morning walk is a blessing for the whole day.” From sunup to sundown, we rely on our feet constantly to get us wherever we need to go. They are undoubtedly the unsung heroes of the human body, but over time, age-related changes – not to mention normal wear and tear – can take their toll. And for some older adults, being able to walk at all is a blessing in and of itself. So, what exactly changes with our feet as we get older?

The American Podiatric Association estimates that the average person will have walked 75,000 miles by the time he or she is 50 years of age.

To start with, there’s a decrease in collagen production which causes the natural cushioning of the feet to diminish. Without this padding, the feet lose their ability to absorb shocks, often leading to severe soreness and pain when walking. Blood circulation can also begin to slow as we age, especially for those dealing with diabetes, vein disease, or other conditions. Proper circulation is crucial in keeping the human body healthy, and when the feet don’t get the blood supply they need, several problems can arise – severe swelling being chief among them. Arthritis, particularly in the big toe or top of the foot, can lead to stiffness, dull aches, and decreased range of motion.

While all of these changes are certainly common, seniors should not assume that foot pain is to be simply tolerated. Seniors can take steps to care for their feet, reduce their risk of the aforementioned problems, and maintain their independence. With these tips, seniors can embrace Thoreau’s words and enjoy all that the day has to offer.

 

Foot Care Tips for Seniors

  • Invest in proper footwear that conforms to the foot (not the other way around). Comfort is certainly key, but flexibility is also important. It’s highly recommended that seniors buy shoes that have a half-inch gap between the tip and the longest toe.
  • Take regular walks, paying particular attention to proper posture (head erect, back straight, and arms swinging).
  • Have feet checked frequently by a podiatrist, especially if diagnosed with diabetes.
  • Wash feet thoroughly with soap and water, especially between the toes. It’s also imperative that they are dried thoroughly to help prevent fungal infections.
  • Use lotion after washing/drying to reduce the risk of the skin becoming dry and cracked.
  • Avoid walking while barefoot, to help avoid cuts and scrapes.
  • Ensure proper toenail maintenance by cutting across the nail and avoiding trimming the corners.
  • Promote proper circulation by stretching daily, keeping the feet propped up, and wiggling toes after sitting for long periods of time.
  • For any acute foot pain, apply the RICE treatment: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Seniors should get off their feet, put ice on the injury for 20 minutes every hour, wrap it with a bandage, and keep the foot above the knee.

 

How Comfort Keepers® Can Help

It’s easy to take our feet for granted, but there’s no denying that they play an essential role in maintaining our overall independence. At Comfort Keepers®, our goal is to help seniors and other adults live happier, healthier lives and enjoy the things that give them joy. Our caregivers can help clients care for their feet by reinforcing the best practices listed above. And if walking is difficult, we can provide mobility assistance as well as transportation to and from places around town.

For more information about how we can elevate the human spirit for senior clients, contact your local Comfort Keepers location today.

 

 

 

References

Prevention. “7 Weird Things That Happen To Your Feet As You Get Older,” by Cindy Kuzma. Web. 2018.

Emory Healthcare. “Advancing Your Health Blog: Foot Care for Seniors: 10 Important Tips.” Web. 2017.

Philips Lifeline. “The Importance of Foot Care for Senior Citizens.” Web. 2014.

Family Foot & Ankle Center. “Senior Foot Care Tips” by Dr. Cynthia Miller. Web. 2018.

Healing Feet. “5 Changes That Happen to the Feet With Age” by Jenn F. Web. 2015.

Pneumonia: What Seniors Need to Know

Why Are Seniors Susceptible?

There are certain serious health conditions that we often associate with older adults. Heart disease and cancer are a few that top the list. But one that may not seem as obvious has the potential to be just as life-threatening as others in the category. Pneumonia is defined as a respiratory lung infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi.  A report by the Canadian Institute for Health Information found there were almost 135,000 pneumonia-related ED visits reported across the country in 2017–2018 — a 13 percent jump from the previous year. Pneumonia was among the top 10 reported reasons that Canadians went to the emergency department last year. Many are 65 years of age and older. But what is it, physiologically, that makes seniors more susceptible to pneumonia than other age groups? A new report says that for the first time in at least five years.

It’s estimated that a third of all pneumonia cases each year result from a virus.

As we age, the efficacy of our immune system diminishes, and our body’s natural defenses become less reliable. This, in turn, makes us increasingly vulnerable to any illness, even if it’s relatively minor. As a result, something as common as a cold or mold spores in the home may lead to an infection of the lungs for seniors. Similarly, frailty – especially from ongoing recovery – can make it harder for seniors to cough and rid the lungs of certain infectious elements. Seniors may also be at greater risk if they have existing health conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), HIV, and heart disease.

Despite its commonality, pneumonia certainly doesn’t represent an inevitable aspect of aging. While there is no 100% guaranteed form of pneumonia prevention, there are steps seniors can take to reduce their overall risk. Doing so can help them continue to live life to the fullest – safely, healthily, and independently.

 

Ways to Reduce Pneumonia Risk

  • Get Vaccinated: Because pneumonia often appears in seniors who have the flu, getting vaccinated against influenza is recommended. Vaccine options include Fluzone High-Dose, Fluad and Flublok Quadrivalent. Seniors should talk to their physician about which is best. Additionally, to help guard against pneumonia, the CDC recommends that seniors get the two available vaccinations: PCV-13 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and PPSV-23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). Seniors should get PCV-13 first, then follow up with PPSV-23 approximately a year later.
  • Prioritize Hygiene: It may seem like common sense, but simply washing our hands and using hand sanitizer can make a world of difference. Seniors should avoid germ-ridden surfaces (e.g., door handles, grocery cart handles) whenever possible, and keep their distance from any sick relatives or friends. As mentioned, it doesn’t take much for seniors to develop pneumonia, so even the smallest of hygienic best practices are worth following.
  • Don’t Smoke or Take Steps to Quit: Smoking negatively impacts just about everything in our bodies, but the lungs obviously receive a significant amount of damage. Those who smoke are at a greater overall risk of pneumonia because the lungs’ defense mechanisms often become compromised.
  • Practice a Healthy Lifestyle: Seniors should follow a physician-approved diet and exercise regimen. This will help bolster their immune system and reduce the risk of not only pneumonia, but a number of other health conditions.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Whether senior clients are recovering from pneumonia or looking to protect themselves, the trusted care team at Comfort Keepers® can help. Our caregivers can remind clients to take medication, provide transportation to scheduled appointments, and support physician-prescribed exercise regimens and diets. Above all, our goal is to see that clients have the means to find the joy and happiness in each day, regardless of age or acuity.

To learn more about our in-home care services, contact your local Comfort Keepers location today.

 

 

References:

Aging.com. “What Causes Pneumonia in the Elderly?” Web. 2018.

American Lung Association. “Lung Health and Diseases: Learn About Pneumonia.” Web. 2018.

Everyday Health. “Pneumonia 101: What You Need to Know” by Mary Elizabeth Dallas | Medically reviewed by
Sanjai Sinha, MD. Web. 2018.

CTVNews.  “Pneumonia visits to Canadian ERs spiked in 2017-18: CIHI”.  Web, 2018.

Senior Home Security Tips

An All Too Common Crime

Crime has inarguably evolved over the last few decades. Today’s wrongdoers have largely turned to hacking, scams, or fraud to get the money and/or personal information they want – often through digital means. Fortunately, public awareness and education on cybercrime and scams has grown substantially, allowing us to become smarter, safer, and more secure consumers. But for every sophisticated criminal there’s one who chooses to go the old school route: home burglary.

Despite popular belief, most home burglaries take place between 10am and 3pm – not at night.

It may not receive the same news coverage as cybercrime, but burglary is still immensely prevalent in Canada, with 1 out of 28 households burglarized. So, as important as it is to watch what we click on, it’s equally vital that we secure our homes from outside threats. This is especially the case for older adults, whose homes are often prime targets for burglars. Although seniors can be more vulnerable to this victimization because of certain factors – declining physical/cognitive function and limited communication being the primary ones – they can take steps to protect what’s most important to them and continue living safely and independently.

Here are some of the recommended home security tips that senior clients can follow to safeguard not only their home, but also their own personal well-being.

 

Home Security Tips

  • Install a home security system: Studies show that burglars tend to stay away from homes that have a security system installed. These days, there are plenty of providers to choose from, so be sure to research thoroughly. Most providers will give stickers to put on the home’s doors and windows from the security company, alerting thieves that a system is installed.
  • Keep the doors locked: It’s normal to let our guard down, especially when living in a safe neighborhood – but seniors should remember that crime knows no bounds. All doors that lead outside should be locked at all times day and night.
  • Shut the blinds whenever possible: Many burglars will look through windows of homes they’re interested in robbing. Cutting off their visibility into the home can discourage them from proceeding.
  • Remove tools from the yard: Be sure that any tools (hammers, screwdrivers, ladders) that can aid burglars in getting into the house are kept inside and out of view.
  • Don’t advertise travel plans: Seniors should do their best to keep any travel plans, whether short-term or extended, to themselves or just a few trusted people (e.g., neighbors and family). Talking about travel publicly or posting about it on social media should be avoided.
  • Keep personal information in a safe place: In the event that a home is broken into, the last thing you want is for the burglar to get ahold of personal information. Keep any passports, birth certificates, financial statements, and other sensitive documents in a locked safe.
  • Request home security advice from the police: Seniors can also contact their local police department and have them come out to the home to provide home security suggestions and information on crime in the neighborhood.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help
At Comfort Keepers®, we understand just how important home is. After all, it’s more than just a place in which we live, it’s a safe haven and an extension of ourselves. Our caregivers can help senior clients maintain peace and happiness in the home by encouraging them to follow the above tips and other security precautions. Additionally, we can provide everything from meal preparation, mobility assistance, and transportation to and from locations in and around town.

For more information about Comfort Keepers’ wide array of in-home care services, call the Comfort Keepers location nearest you.

 

 

References:

Securehouse.ca.  “Canadian Crime Rates.” Web, 2018.

The Senior List. “Home Security and Safety Tips for Seniors” by Damian Wolf. Web. 2014.

Safewise. “10 Surprising Home Burglary Stats and Facts” by Alexia Chianis. Web. 2018.

Travelers. “9 Home Security Tips.” Web. 2018.

Nationwide. “Helpful Tips On How to Your Home From Burglary.” Web. 2018.

Maintaining Joy: Ways for Seniors to Stay Healthy During the Holidays

Finding the Right Balance

The older we get, the more intense the holiday season seems to become, with an increasing number of responsibilities. There are parties to attend, relatives to visit, dinners to cook, gifts to buy and wrap – all within the span of just a few weeks. While these activities serve a greater purpose in celebrating with others, they still can be taxing on the body and mind. One of the primary reasons for this is that it’s more difficult to balance the rigorous holiday schedule with our own, and as a result, our health tends to go on the backburner.

A study out of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health found that someone is 100 percent more likely to catch a cold on a plane than in regular daily life.

The consequences of pushing ourselves to “do it all” during the holidays can become more severe with age. Without taking the proper precautions, seniors can experience everything from mental exhaustion to physical illness. Fortunately, there are steps that they can take to preserve their health and ensure their holiday season is full of comfort and joy.

 

Tips for Staying Healthy During the Holidays

  • Dress appropriately: Even if it’s for less than five minutes, having protection against even mild cold temperatures is imperative. Seniors should wear layers of light, warm clothing, along with gloves, scarves, and hats. In extreme cold, seniors should avoid going outside altogether.
  • Combat germs and the flu: It isn’t just the holiday season; influenza gets the spotlight this time of year as well. To help reduce the risk of getting the flu, seniors should wash their hands frequently throughout the day, with soap and warm water (for at least 20 seconds) and use hand sanitizer while in public. Although the best time to get a flu vaccine is in mid-October, getting one in November and December can still help with risk reduction.
  • Stay active: If the summer sun inspires us to get out and exert energy, the gray overcast skies and snow do the exact opposite. Keeping a consistent workout schedule can be difficult during the holidays, but dedicating at least 30 minutes to moderate physical activity (with physician approval) can help keep the immune system strong.
  • Eat wisely: What goes better with good company than good food? There’s always plenty of rich foods and snacks to enjoy at holiday parties. However, seniors – especially those with existing health conditions – may want to think twice before overindulging so as not to create or worsen any short-term or long-term health problems. Seniors should opt for healthier options whenever possible, even if it’s just taking from the veggie tray instead of the bowl of chips.

  • Get plenty of rest: With the holiday season representing such a unique opportunity to spend quality time with loved ones, there’s an ever-present temptation to do everything and soak up as much of the time as possible. However, it’s just as important that the time that is spent together is quality time, and to that end, seniors should make sure they are well-rested. They should maintain a consistent sleep schedule (allowing for 8 or more hours) and take breaks throughout the day.
  • Keep the immune system strong before flying: The last thing anyone wants to do before a flight is more prep work. That being said, giving the immune system a little boost before flying can help reduce the risk of illness and exhaustion. In the days leading up to air travel, seniors should do whatever they can do de-stress, even if it’s just practicing meditation or taking soothing baths. This will add extra protection against the plethora of germs from fellow passengers.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

At Comfort Keepers®, we understand that hope, joy, and purpose are all central to senior wellbeing – especially during the holiday season. Our compassionate caregivers will foster these qualities for senior clients throughout the holidays and year-round, seeing that they have what they need to stay healthy and safe.

 

Learn more about our services by calling a local Comfort Keepers location today.

 

 

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “12 Ways to Have a Healthy Holiday Season.” Web. 2018.

Care.com. “11 Tips for Keeping Seniors Healthy Over the Holidays,” by Megan Horst-Hatch. Web. 2018.

Health.com. “25 Ways to Fight Holiday Stress,” by Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen. Web. 2018.

Healthline.com. “The Science of Why You Get Sick During the Holidays.” Web. 2018.

 

Take a Deep Breath: Stress Relief Techniques for Seniors

Stressed Out

In many ways, stress represents one of the few permanent components of life. At just about every point in our journey, a stressor – whether positive or negative – will arise. For older adults, the stressors that accompany middle age, like raising children and career responsibilities, are exchanged for others. Seniors may begin to worry about their health deteriorating, lack of independence, financial management, and the death or illness of close friends and relatives. All of these worries and concerns are natural. What’s ultimately most important is that seniors cope with stress healthily. Not doing so can lead to trouble down the road.

  A study out of the University of Cambridge in 2007 noted that the risk of stroke was 24% less for those who coped healthily with stressful life events.

Several studies have shown that stress is linked to a number of mental and physical problems, from anxiety and depression to hypertension and immune system complications. In fact, it’s estimated that stress increases the risk of heart disease by 40%, heart attack by 25%, and stroke by 50%. Not to mention the fact that stress can also exacerbate existing conditions – which is the last thing seniors need when their immune systems are already less efficient. There’s no denying the negative effects of stress, but what can seniors do to manage their stress in a positive way?

Fortunately, there are stress relief techniques that seniors can follow to help improve their own personal wellbeing. What senior clients use to manage their stress today can help better prepare them for any future stress.

 

Stress Relief Techniques

  • Meditate at the same time every day or whenever feelings of stress or anxiety arise
  • Practice deep breathing and mindfulness exercises
  • Reach out to friends and family to connect and spend time together
  • Follow a consistent exercise regimen and healthy diet, upon physician approval
  • Journal or jot down thoughts and feelings at the end of each day – and be sure to take a moment to reflect on all the positive things that happened throughout the day
  • Volunteer time in the community or neighborhood
  • Put together and execute a to-do list to increase productivity, decrease feelings of restlessness, and combat procrastination
  • Join a yoga class or practice it at home (with physician approval)
  • Listen to soothing or relaxing music, especially before bed
  • Find a way to laugh, whether it’s by watching a funny TV show/movie or listening to a comedy album
  • Take a trip out of town in order to take a break and recharge

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

At Comfort Keepers®, we have spent the last twenty years perfecting the art of helping seniors and other adults maintain their peace, happiness, and joy. To us, every moment in a senior’s life is a unique opportunity to foster positivity, going beyond daily tasks. Our approach to care is called Interactive Caregiving™, a philosophy centered around four central aspects of life: mind, body, nutrition, and safety.

What’s more, our trained caregivers are selected with one specific quality in mind: empathy. Care that is empathetic is care that starts in the heart, and it allows us to meet our clients’ exact needs.

Learn more about our unique service offering by contacting a Comfort Keepers location nearest you.

 

 

 

References

Healthline. “16 Simple Ways to Relieve Stress and Anxiety.” Web. 2018.

Huffington Post. “10 Health Benefits of Relaxation” by Sarah Klein. Web. 2014.

American Institute of Stress. “Stress is Killing You” Infographic, originally created by MastersDegreeOnline.org.
Web. 2018.

WebMD. “10 Relaxation Techniques That Zap Stress Fast.” Web. 2018.

Holiday Scams: What Seniors Should Look Out For

Coal in the Stocking

Scammers and con artists are all around us these days. It seems that no matter where we turn, there’s a nefarious individual or group looking to scam us. To make matters worse, they’re becoming more sophisticated in their approach. As we rely more heavily on the technology at our fingertips, sometimes all it takes is a wrong click and suddenly our personal information and money is up for grabs.

The Canadian Government reports that from January 2014 to December 2016, Canadians age 60 to 79 lost almost $28 million to various scams.

And what’s the most wonderful time of the year for scammers? The holiday season, of course. It’s a time of giving, charitability, and all-around goodwill – but all of that can make us more vulnerable to the schemes that are out there. Seniors are certainly no exception. It’s common for scammers to target seniors because they often have large nest eggs and exceptional credit scores, but little financial management. Additionally, memory issues and cognitive decline may make them more willing to give up valuable information.

According to CPA Canada’s Fraud Protection for Seniors webinar, seniors are targeted more frequently because they: are home, often alone, all day; may feel lonely, isolated and overly trusting; struggle with health issues, and have more readily available money. Fraudsters play off these vulnerabilities.

Knowing what to look out for can save seniors from having their finances or even identity compromised. Below are some of the more common scams that target older adults during the holiday season. Share these with senior clients so that they can stay guarded and safely enjoy the holiday season.

 

Common Scams to Look Out for During the Holidays

  • “Emergency” Calls: This tactic, which has gained considerable traction over the last few years, involves the scammer calling a senior, claiming to be a grandchild or other family member in need of money. They often say that they’ve been arrested, in an accident, or just need emergency funds in general. Seniors who receive such calls should ask specific questions that will trip up the caller. In most cases, the scammer will not be able to answer these questions and hang up in frustration. When in doubt, the best thing to do when an unknown number pops up is to simply not answer.
  • Phony Email Offers: Most personal email inboxes are full of promotional offers, and this certainly ramps up during the holidays. First and foremost, if the offer sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Scammers create emails that look legitimate but contain links that lead to pages requesting personal information. Seniors should look every promotional email offer over carefully, paying close attention to the sender address (it should have a proprietary address such as @amazon.com or @target.com) and anything unusual like misspellings. A good rule of thumb when it comes to entering sensitive information into any website is to ensure that the URL begins with “https.” This signifies that the site is secure and encrypted.
  • Free Gift Cards: Speaking of offers that are too good to be true, seniors may come across emails or flashy website ads that advertise free gift cards. While some companies have deals where you receive gift cards after purchase, you can safely assume the ones that say ‘free’ without purchase are entirely illegitimate. Seniors should not click on the accompanying links or ads for these offers.
  • Illegitimate Charity: It’s the season of giving, but it’s important to know where exactly your charitable donations are going. Seniors should be wary of any unfamiliar organizations or those whose appeals are overtly emotional. To confirm the legitimacy of an organization, seniors can utilize the website org.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

The holiday season is the perfect opportunity to spend time with friends, family, neighbors, and all others who bring joy to our lives. That makes it all the more difficult to imagine that there are those out there who wish to rob people of that joy – but they are out there. At Comfort Keepers®, our aim is to preserve the joy, warmth, and wonder that seniors and other adults cherish during the holiday season. We will work to reduce their risk of being conned, not only from the schemes above, but also any others that may exist. Our caregivers can also provide help with togetherness tasks and daily routines.

Call your local Comfort Keepers location to learn more about how we can help seniors and other adult clients this holiday season.

 

 

 

References

Government of Canada.  “Archived — Fraud Facts 2017—Recognize, Reject, Report Fraud.”  Web, 2017.

CPA Canada.  “Seniors too ashamed to report financial fraud, say experts.”  Web, 2018.

Better Business Bureau. “Scams Targeting Seniors: Holiday Edition.” Web. 2018.

The Arbor Company. “Holiday Scams Targeting the Elderly to Watch Out For” by Chris Harper. Web. 2017.

AARP. “Holiday Scams.” Web. 2018.

 

How Seniors Can Care for Their Skin

How Does the Skin Change?
As they say, the one thing you can count on in life is change. That certainly applies to our skin as we begin to age. Years of exposure from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light diminishes the skin’s elasticity, while the natural thinning of the epidermis (surface layer) causes the skin to have a more transparent appearance. Dry, itchy skin and wrinkles are also quite common. These changes, and others can affect the skin, even more, depending on environmental and lifestyle factors, as well as health conditions such as kidney disease and diabetes.

Over 80,000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in Canada each year, more than 5,000 of which are melanoma, the mostly deadly form of skin cancer.

While these changes may not seem like cause for alarm, they can allow seniors to become much more susceptible to certain skin infections and diseases. A bacterial infection or parasitic infestation can lead to serious harm and may even be life-threatening if not treated properly. Fortunately, there are a number of tips senior clients can follow to help protect and improve their skin.

 

Senior Skin Care Tips

  • Protection from the sun:
    • Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to any exposed skin. Reapply every two hours, or more often if you’ve been sweating heavily or if you’ve been exposed to water.
    • Avoid going outside when the sun’s UV rays are most intense. During the summer, this is usually between 10am and 4pm
    • Wear a wide-brimmed hat to protect the face, neck, and eyes.
    • Wear UV-blocking sunglasses.
  • When bathing:
    • Only use lukewarm water when bathing as hot water can remove the skin’s natural oils, and be sure to keep baths or showers to no longer than 10 minutes.
    • Replace bar soap with fragrance-free cleanser emollient.
    • Trade bath brushes or other scrubbing tools for a soft cotton washcloth.
    • Apply fragrance-free moisturizer (formulated for dry skin) after bathing and periodically during the day.
    • Avoid using bath oil when bathing as it can greatly increase the risk of slips and falls.
  • Examine your skin often for skin cancer by using the ABCDEs of melanoma (the deadliest form of skin cancer). If you identify any moles or brown spots with the following, contact a board-certified dermatologist right away.
    • A – Asymmetry: One side doesn’t match the other.
    • B – Border: The border around the spot or mole is poorly defined or irregular.
    • C – Color: There are multiple colors (tan, brown, and black) present.
    • D – Diameter: The diameter is greater than 6mm.
    • E – Evolving: The spot is changing in size, shape, or color.
  • Other tips:
    • Use a humidifier to keep the indoor humidity level somewhere between 44-60%. The dryer the air, the more likely the skin will become dried out and itchy.
    • When possible, avoid perfumes, colognes, or other products that contain fragrances.
    • Avoid using sunlamps and tanning beds.
    • Use gloves when doing any gardening or cleaning to help prevent the skin from being exposed to harmful chemicals or other irritants.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Our skin is technically considered our largest organ, and yet we don’t always give it the attention and care it deserves. Doing so is crucial as we get older, and it may even help reduce our risk of serious illness and death. At Comfort Keepers®, our job is to help senior clients live as comfortably and safely as possible – and to that end, our trusted caregivers will help them follow the best practices above. We can also provide transportation to and from any scheduled dermatology appointments, or other locations.

For more information about how we can help senior clients, contact your local Comfort Keepers location today.

 

 

References:

Canadian Skin Cancer Foundation.  “About Skin Cancer”.  Web. 2018.

WebMD. “Skin Conditions As You Age.” Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD. Web. 2018.

WebMD. “The Effects of Aging on Skin.” Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD. Web. 2018.
American Academy of Dermatology. “How to care for your skin in your 60s and 70s.” Web. 2018.

Melanoma Research Foundation. “The ABCDEs of Melanoma.” Web. 2018.

 

Maintaining Healthy Lungs Late in Life

Age’s Impact on the Lungs

It’s estimated that more than 80% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases are linked to smoking.

How often do you think about your lungs? Breathing is so automatic that it’s unlikely you give them much more than a passing thought. But just like all our other organs, the lungs require maintenance and protection – especially as we begin to age. As it turns out, our lungs have quite the head start when it comes to aging. According to the American Lung Association (ALA), our lungs mature by the time we’re 20-25 years old, and once we reach 35, their functionality actually begins to diminish due to certain age-related changes. And as we get even older, these changes to the lungs – and other surrounding body parts – can make breathing more difficult.

  • Air sacs, found within the lungs, which help with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, lose their shape and elasticity. This then makes exhalation harder and doesn’t allow as much oxygen to make its way into the bloodstream.
  • It’s not uncommon to think of the lungs as organs that work independently to facilitate breathing, but they receive quite a bit of help from neighboring organs– namely, the respiratory muscles. One of the most significant within this group, the diaphragm, is responsible for expanding the lungs during inspiration. The diaphragm weakens considerably with age, which makes breathing enough air in and out more difficult.
  • Even changes to the rib cage impact breathing. Gradual bone loss – common among older adults – causes the rib cage to thin and even change shape. This makes it harder for it to expand and contract during breathing.

 

While decreased efficiency in the lungs is, unfortunately, a normal part of aging, it doesn’t mean that seniors can’t take steps to protect their lungs from greater threats. Below are a few tips that senior clients can follow so that they continue to breathe easy.

 

Ways to Keep the Lungs Healthy

  • Don’t smoke, or take steps to quit. Smoking is the primary cause of both lung cancer and COPD, not to mention numerous other health conditions and diseases. Many may feel that they’re “past the point of no return” when it comes to smoking, but evidence shows that it’s never too late. In fact, the ALA notes that lung functionality improves just months after quitting.
  • Get regular aerobic exercise (with physician approval). It’s reported that aerobic exercise increases breathing from 15 times a minute to anywhere between 40 and 60. Doing this on a consistent basis allows the lungs to become more efficient.
  • Avoid exposure to pollutants. It becomes more difficult for the lungs to resist many of the airborne toxins as we get older. Seniors should stay away from secondhand smoke, avoid going outside when there are reports of air pollution, and modify the home to make it as pollutant-free as possible. This includes dusting and vacuuming weekly, as well as using natural cleaning products whenever possible.
  • Prevent respiratory infection. Seniors should wash their hands with warm, soapy water often throughout the day and follow all other hygienic best practices. It’s also recommended that they get the influenza vaccine each year before flu season, and talk to their physician about receiving the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine.
  • Take a deep breath. One of the best ways to make the lungs more efficient is by simply breathing properly. Deep breathing exercises can greatly improve lung capacity and help to eliminate stress.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

The professional care team at Comfort Keepers® can help senior clients follow these tips to help keep their lungs healthy. We can also help those who may be faced with lung disease or are recovering from respiratory illness. Our caregivers can remind them to take medication and provide transportation to and from any scheduled appointments.

Contact your local Comfort Keepers to learn more about our in-home care services.

 

 

 

References:

Healthline. “How Growing Older Impacts Lung Health” by Colleen Story (Medically reviewed by Elain K. Luo MD)
Web. 2017.

American Lung Association. “Lung Capacity and Aging.” Web. 2018.

American Lung Association. “Tips to Keep Your Lungs Healthy.” Web. 2018.

MedlinePlus. “Aging Changes in the Lungs.” Web. 2018.

Senior Oral Health: What to Know & Best Practices

Aging’s Impact on Oral Health

There have been numerous advancements in the world of oral health over the last few decades, from increased education on the importance of proper care to the ever-evolving sophistication of dental technology. But despite these positive changes, one segment of the population still faces significant challenges when it comes to oral health: seniors. What makes them more vulnerable compared to other age groups? For starters, natural changes alter our teeth and gums as we age. Teeth begin to darken because of changes to dentin – tissue below the enamel that makes up the tooth itself – while the mouth becomes dry due to reduced saliva flow. Years of chewing also take their toll, causing enamel to break down.

The CDC estimates that 23% of 65-74-year-olds have severe periodontal disease. This is defined by a 6mm loss of attachment of the tooth to the gum tissue.

In addition to these factors, seniors may also struggle with their oral health because of certain conditions that make brushing and flossing difficult. Arthritis, for instance, can make these simple motions extraordinarily painful. Prescription and over-the-counter drugs also play a role. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that there are more than 400 commonly used drugs that can cause dry mouth.

While it’s easy to look at all of this and assume the worst, that poor oral health is inevitable for older adults, there is good news. Seniors can maintain healthy mouths and reduce their risk of cavities, gum disease, and everything in between, all by following a few best practices. Below are a few that senior clients can incorporate into their routines:
Oral Health Best Practices

  • Brush at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste, and floss at least once a day to reduce dental plaque. If arthritis or other conditions make this difficult, ask a loved one for assistance.
  • See a dentist regularly for a cleaning and oral exam, even if there are no longer any natural teeth – especially to help identify the presence of pre-cancerous/cancerous lesions.
  • Do not use tobacco products of any kind (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco).
  • Use sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva production.
  • Limit alcohol consumption as alcoholic beverages can increase the risk of oral and throat cancer.
  • Drink more water (at least eight 8-ounce glasses a day) to help reduce the risk of dry mouth. As we age, our thirst signals begin to diminish and are thus less reliable. Seniors should carry a water bottle around, and set alarms reminding them of when to hydrate.
  • If medication is causing dry mouth, seniors should ask a physician for one that doesn’t produce the specific side effect.

 

Why It Matters and How Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Oral care is about more than just making sure that our breath isn’t bad. Research suggests poor oral health may be linked to endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart, as well as cardiovascular disease. Tooth loss, as a result of periodontal disease or tooth decay, can also make eating more difficult. This can, in turn, lead to malnutrition. Because seniors are already at a higher risk for these conditions and others, it’s imperative that they give extra attention to their oral care. Doing so can make a significant impact on their overall wellbeing.

 

At Comfort Keepers®, we understand just how important this aspect of self-maintenance is, not only for health but also independence. Our caregivers can remind senior clients to brush, floss, and stay hydrated. Additionally, we can provide transportation to and from scheduled dental appointments.

 

Contact a Comfort Keepers location in your area today to learn more about how we can help senior clients maintain their health, safety, and independence.

 

 

References:

Web MD. “Dental Care for Seniors.” Web. 2018.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Oral Health for Older Americans.” Web. 2018.

Colgate. “Oral Care Tips for Older Adults” by Willie Pena. Web. 2018.

Mayo Clinic. “Oral Health: A Window to Your Overall Health” by Mayo Clinic Staff. Web. 2018.

Mouth Healthy – American Dental Association. “Concerns: The Link Between Medications and Cavities.” Web. 2018.

COPD in Seniors

Short of Breath

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, more commonly referred to as COPD, is one of the most significant health problems facing adults in Canada.  COPD is a leading cause of death, falling just behind heart disease, cancer, and accidents. In fact, it’s slated to become the third leading cause by 2020. COPD is a progressive disease that leads not only to shortness of breath, but also to wheezing, chest pains, mucus production, and a whole host of other symptoms. The disease is symptomatic in middle age but then becomes increasingly severe with age. What often begins as a small cough at age 40 later becomes a constant struggle just to breathe normally.

In Canada 15% of seniors between the ages of 65 and 69 were living with COPD; for seniors aged 85 years and older, 26% were living with COPD.

Because of its progressive nature and with increased age as a leading factor, there is a greater prevalence of COPD in adults 65 years of age or older. The good news is that many adults are able to easily reduce their risk of COPD through lifestyle management. We’ll explore some of the best practices that older adults can follow later in this article, but first, let’s take a closer look at COPD itself.

 

What Exactly is COPD?
COPD actually represents a group of lung diseases, with the two most common being emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The former involves the over-inflation of the lungs’ air sacs, causing shortness of breath. Bronchitis, on the other hand, is the inflammation of the lining of the tubes responsible for carrying air to and from the lungs. Ordinarily, bronchitis results from a respiratory illness or cold and generally leaves no lasting side effects. The chronic form of bronchitis – lasting months or years – can leave the airways blocked from excessive amounts of mucus. And as this mucus production increases, the more difficult it is to breathe.

 

Those with chronic bronchitis tend to develop emphysema over time, which is why the two comprise COPD. As for the primary culprit for the disease? Smoking tops the list. The American Lung Association even estimates that anywhere between 80-90% of COPD cases are the result of chronic smoking of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. Unsurprisingly, secondhand smoke is a significant risk factor as well. Research also suggests that there may be a link between poor air quality and COPD – not to mention several other airway diseases.

 

There’s no denying the fact that COPD is detrimental to our wellbeing. As we begin to age, its effects can rapidly diminish quality of life and even contribute to mortality. But as mentioned previously, it doesn’t have to be that way. Senior clients can reduce their risk of COPD (or slow its progression) with a few best practices.

 

COPD Risk Reduction Tips

  • Don’t smoke or take steps to quit. If quitting, be sure to talk with your primary care physician about which programs/support services or products are most appropriate. Quitting smoking will reduce the risk of heart disease, lung cancer, and a number of other diseases/cancers, in addition to COPD.
  • Avoid any contact with secondhand smoke. If you’re going to a restaurant/event where smoking is permitted, ask to be seated in a non-smoking location. Similarly, be conscious of people smoking near you and try to avoid their smoking vicinity if possible.
  • Avoid air pollution whenever possible.
  • Avoid any airborne irritants (chemicals, fumes, etc.) in the home, workplace, or other environments.
  • With physician approval, follow a healthy diet and get plenty of exercise.

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

At Comfort Keepers®, we want to help senior clients safeguard themselves from COPD. Whether it means reducing their risk altogether or slowing its progression, our team of expert care professionals will help clients follow the steps above and see that they’re following a safe, healthy lifestyle. Additionally, if clients are being treated for COPD or need to discuss their options with a physician, we can help them get to and from any scheduled appointments.

 

Learn more about Comfort Keepers’ care services today by calling a location nearest you.

 

 

 

References:
Government of Canada. “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Canada”  Web. 2018.

MedScape. “COPD in the Elderly Patient” by Nicola A. Hanania, M.D., M.S.; Gulshan Sharma, M.D., M.P.H.;
Amir Sharafkhaneh, M.D., Ph.D. Web. 2018.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. COPD. Web. 2018.

Healthline. “Everything You Need to Know About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).” Web. 2018.

Everyday Health. “5 Best Ways to Prevent COPD” by Chris Iliades, MD. Web. 2018.

Very Well Health. “The 4 Preventable Causes of COPD” by Deborah Leader, RN. Web. 2018.